A strain of malware which previously targeted banks has turned its attention to users of the popular Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software Salesforce, used by 100,000 organizations and millions of subscribers, according to SC Magazine’s report.

Dyre, detected by ESET software as Win32/Battdil.A, is believed to be an entirely new strain of malware, and has in the past targeted users of large banks, siphoning data from machines to steal logins, with additional features allowing it to bypass some two-factor authentication systems.

Salesforce software posted a warning on its site this month saying, “Dyre malware (also known as Dyreza), which typically targets customers of large, well-known financial institutions, may now also target some Salesforce users. If we determine that a customer has been impacted by this malware, we will reach out to them with next steps and further guidance.”

Dyre has previously targeted Bank of America and Citigroup customers, as well as a number of British banks such as NatWest. It is thought to be delivered as a “service” to criminal customers: on sale to the highest bidder.

Salesforce software: Under threat from hi-tech malware

The Register says of the remote-access Trojan (RAT), “Once it’s installed on a Windows PC, usually via a phishing attack, the software nasty then looks out for data sent from web browsers – even SSL-encrypted data – and siphons it off to its masters.”

It’s unclear why Salesforce software users are being targeted. SC Magazine speculates that the switch may be due to a specific order from a “customer”.

The magazine points out that while the company does not publish specific customer numbers of its Salesforce software, it’s estimated that 160,000 organizations and around five million subscribers use the cloud software.

Dyre: New strain of malware on sale to highest bidder

Named Dyre, or Dyreza (and detected by ESET software as Win32/Battdil.A), the Trojan software was discovered by researchers investigating a phishing scam that was spreading via Dropbox. It is believed to be a completely new family of malware, similar to but sufficiently distinct from, the Zeus malware. The news that it is targeting Salesforce software users is an entirely new “use” for the malware.

Dyre was initially designed to target certain banks in particular – Bank of America, CitiGroup, NatWest, RBS and Ulsterbank. It is thought to be an example of ‘crime-as-a-service’ – malware for hire to the highest bidder. It has been found able to bypass both SSL encryption and two-factor authentication systems.

The phishing campaign first used to spread the malware worked via asking users to download a zip file that claims to contain invoices or federal tax information. Dropbox quickly removed the links from its system, but the hackers switched to Cubby, a similar service, to continue their campaign.

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Anyone who has visited popular domains such as YouTube.com, Amazon.com or Ads.Yahoo.com could be a victim of a new, mutating malware attack distributed through the online ad network adverts displayed on the sites, according to a new blog by networking specialist Cisco.

The blog describes how the online ad malware (which comes in two forms, one for PC, one for Mac), is distributed via online advertising networks – basically by conning one of the large companies whose ads are seen on thousands of sites into forwarding an ad with a malicious payload.

The Register describes the process as, “The high-profile serving domains – along with many others – are, of course, receiving the “malvertising” from online ad networks that have been tricked into hosting the attack content.”

Online ad threat: How it works

The Cisco bloggers say that a number of major domains, listed in their original blog post, have been affected by the current attack. The attack has been nicknamed Kyle and Stan, due to the naming scheme of the subdomains within the group – “stan.mxp2099.com” and “kyle.mxp2038.com”.

Threatpost reports that the likely size of the attack is probably much larger than the 700 domains analyzed by Cisco, and says, “700 domains and nearly 10,000 users have hit these domains and been exposed to the malicious advertisements.”

Threatpost points out that the attack vector is not new – the New York Times has previously fallen victim to a malvertising campaign – but that ‘Kyle and Stan’ takes a unique approach.

Cisco says that the attack delivers a unique malicious payload for every visitor, packaged with a legitimate media player, and a piece of malware which is tailored to each user.

 “Extremely effective attack”

“The idea is very simple: use online advertising to spread malware. This attack form is not new, but extremely effective,” Cisco says.

“The world of online ads has only a few major players. If an attacker can get one of those major online ad networks to display an advertisement with a malicious payload just for a few minutes without being detected, then countless machines can be infected by such an attack.”

The attack comes in various forms, Cisco reports, but so far relies on pure social-engineering, rather than ‘drive-by downloads’ where users who don’t click are infected. Different malware packages are delivered according to platform and user, and the attack is evolving, the bloggers warn.

A discussion of the murky world of malvertising, adware and ‘badware’ by ESET researcher Joan Calvet can be found here.

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The world’s largest home improvement chain store, Home Depot, yesterday confirmed a data breach affecting Home Depot credit cards and debit cards used in stores on the American mainland, which may have continued since April.

Reports by security reporter Brian Krebs and others have said that the malware used in the attack was the same used in the Target breach, and that large-scale fraud is being perpetrated with stolen debit cards, with $300,000 withdrawn from one bank in under two hours, using what appeared to be debit card numbers used in Home Depot.

In an official release, the company said that anyone who used a payment card at a Home Depot store since April 2014 may have been affected, and the chain is to offer free identity protection and credit monitoring to customers who used Home Depot credit cards or debit card in-store. Customers who shopped online or in Mexico have not been affected, the chain said in an official release.

Home Depot credit cards: Who is at risk?

Veteran security reporter Brian Krebs said that the news had been accompanied by a spike in debit card fraud, after a vast haul of Home Depot credit card and debit card numbers were sold on an underground forum last week.

Krebs said, “multiple financial institutions contacted by this publication are reporting a steep increase over the past few days in fraudulent ATM withdrawals on customer accounts. Those same crooks also are taking advantage of weak authentication methods in the automated phone systems that many banks use to allow customers to reset the PINs on their cards.”

Home Depot said that there was no evidence PIN numbers had been compromised during the breach, and that, “Home Depot’s investigation is focused on April forward, and the company has taken aggressive steps to address the malware.”

Technology site GigaOm reports that the malware involved in the breach has been reported as being BlackPOS, the same used in the Target breach earlier this year.

“We apologize for the frustration and anxiety this causes our customers, and I want to thank them for their patience and support as we work through this issue,” said Frank Blake, chairman and CEO.

“We owe it to our customers to alert them that we now have enough evidence to confirm that a breach has indeed occurred. It’s important to emphasize that no customers will be responsible for fraudulent charges to their accounts.”

How criminals withdraw cash without needing PINs

GigaOm reports that the chain is to roll out EMV chip-and-PIN technology by the end of the year, offering a secure chip rather than a magnetic stripe which is more easily copied by malware such as BlackPOS.

Krebs said that the current glut of fraud relies on working out a customer’s ZIP code using criminal services which sell such information, starting from the ZIP code of the Home Depot they shopped at.

Krebs writes, “Countless banks in the United States let customers change their PINs with a simple telephone call, using an automated call-in system known as a Voice Response Unit (VRU). A large number of these VRU systems allow the caller to change their PIN provided they pass three out of five security checks. One is that the system checks to see if the call is coming from a phone number on file for that customer. It also requests the following four pieces of information:the 3-digit code (known as a card verification value or CVV/CV2) printed on the back of the debit card; the card’s expiration date; the customer’s date of birth; the last four digits of the customer’s Social Security number.”

Krebs said that this authentication process was weak enough that one large bank told him that a single West Coast bank had lost $300,000 in less than two hours due to debit and credit card fraud perpetrated with cards stolen in the breach.

ESET researcher Lysa Myers says, “Malware attacks on Point of Sale (PoS) systems are coming thick and fast right now.”

Myers offers a detailed guide for businesses concerned that they may be being targeted with POS malware.

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Shoppers at Home Depot stores may have had their credit card security details leaked online, after a massive batch of card information went on sale on a criminal internet site this week, according to veteran security writer Brian Krebs, who reported the possible breach on his Krebs on Security website. Krebs claims the breach may be the biggest yet seen.

The credit card security breach could have begun as early as April or early May of this year, and may be linked to hackers responsible for the breaches at Target and P.F. Changs, according to Krebs. Separate batches of debit and credit card details from European and American shoppers have been offered for sale on a criminal website this week.

U.S.A. Today reports that the breach could dwarf even the Target Breach, in which 40 million debit and credit accounts were compromised.

Fox Business News reported that Home Depot has, as yet, not confirmed the scale of the breach.

Credit card security: The biggest breach yet?

“Protecting our customers’ information is something we take extremely seriously, and we are aggressively gathering facts at this point while working to protect customers. If we confirm that a breach has occurred, we will make sure customers are notified immediately,” spokesperson Paula Drake said in a statement.

The card data were offered for sale under the title, “American Sanctions,” which Krebs interpreted as related to the ongoing conflict in the Ukraine. Stolen information from European cards which had been used in the stores were sold separately as “European Sanctions,” Krebs reported.

Home Depot shares dropped 2.6% at the news, Fox Business reported.

Krebs’ spoke to several banks, and his latest update hints that this breach could be the biggest yet seen. “Several banks contacted by this reporter said they believe this breach may extend back to late April or early May 2014. If that is accurate — and if even a majority of Home Depot stores were compromised — this breach could be many times larger than Target, which had 40 million credit and debit cards stolen over a three-week period,” he says.

Mark James, security specialist at ESET says, “The news of another credit card hack is not surprising – but is no less worrying. It seems that no company is safe and if you have EVER used a credit card to purchase goods then you may be at risk.”

“It is thought the original team that targeted P.F.Chang’s and Target are also the perpetrators here, and due to the amount of data that has been stolen it stands to reason it will be used or released in batches over time.”

Card breach: What to do

ESET Malware Researcher Lysa Myers says, “Malware attacks on Point of Sale (PoS) systems are coming thick and fast right now.”

Myers offers a detailed guide for businesses concerned that they may be being targeted with POS malware.

ESET’s James says, “Nothing can be done about the data already stolen, but we could take some actions to lessen the impact of compromised credit cards. Don’t just have a single credit for all uses: for instance, separate your physical purchases (in store) and your online purchases by using different credit cards for each.”

“At least that way if one gets lost or stolen it’s not so much of an impact to get it stopped and replaced, also it’s always good practice to keep an eye on your credit statement for small or unusual payments, often small (under the radar) amounts are processed to test if the cards are valid. If they go through then larger amounts will follow.”

“If you spot something unusual notify your bank immediately. As always, it’s imperative the organization in question notifies all parties involved in any security breach so we the public can take action quickly.”

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