Category Archives: Apache

Apache Security

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CVE-2016-4979: HTTPD webserver – X509 Client certificate based authentication can be bypassed when HTTP/2 is used [vs]

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1


          Security Advisory - Apache Software Foundation
                Apache HTTPD WebServer  / httpd.apache.org

	X509 Client certificate based authentication can
           be bypassed when HTTP/2 is used

                   CVE-2016-4979 / CVSS 7.5

The Apache HTTPD web server (from 2.4.18-2.4.20) did not validate a X509 
client certificate correctly when experimental module for the HTTP/2 
protocol is used to access a resource. 

The net result is that a resource that should require a valid client certificate
in order to get access can be accessed without that credential.

Background:
- -----------

Apache can control access to resources based on various things; such as 
a password, IP address and so on. One of the options, when SSL or TLS is
used, is gating access based on the client having access to a private-key of 
a X509 client certificate. These client certificates are typically held on
a chipcard (e.g. the CAC card in the US, national identity, banking cards
or, for example, medical-chip cards in Europe). In some cases they
are 'soft tokens' - i.e. files, often called PKCS#12 files, which are loaded
into the browser or the 'keychain'.

Gating access based on a client certificate is done by adding a line such as

	SSLVerifyClient require 

to the httpd configuration; along with a list of trusted client certificate
authorities (SSLCACertificateFile).

Version 2.4.17 of the Apache HTTP Server introduced an experimental feature:
mod_http2 for the HTTP/2 protocol (RFC7540, previous versions were known as 
Google SPDY).

This module is NOT compiled in by default -and- is not enabled by default, 
although some distribution may have chosen to do so.

It is generally needs to be enabled in the 'Protocols' line in httpd by 
adding 'h2' and/or 'h2c' to the 'http/1.1' only default. 

The default distributions of the Apache Software Foundation do not include 
this experimental feature. 

Details:
- --------

- From version 2.4.18, upto and including version 2.4.20 the server failed
to take the (failed/absent) client certificate validation into account
when providing access to a resource over HTTP/2. This issue has been fixed 
in version 2.4.23 (r1750779).

As a result - a resource thought to be secure and requiring a valid
client certificate - would be accessible without authentication 
provided that the mod_http2 was loaded, h2 or h2c activated, that
that the browser used the HTTP/2 protocol and it would do more than
one request over a given connection.

Impact:
- -------

A third party can gain access to resources on the web server without
the requisite credentials.

This can then lead to unauthorised disclosure of information.

Versions affected: 
- ------------------
All versions from  2.4.18 to  2.4.20. The issue is fixed in
version 2.4.23 (released 2015-6-5)

Resolution:
- -----------

Upgrade to version 2.4.23 or newer.

Mitigations and work arounds:
- -----------------------------

As a temporary workaround - HTTP/2 can be disabled by changing
the configuration by removing h2 and h2c from the Protocols
line(s) in the configuration file. 

The resulting line should read:

		Protocols http/1.1

Credits and timeline
- --------------------

The flaw was found and reported by Erki Aring <[email protected]> 
from Liewenthal Electronics Ltd on 2016-06-30. The issue was 
resolved by Stefan Eissing that same day and incorporated in 
the  release of 5th of July 2015 (thus avoiding a bank holiday).
 
Apache would like to thank all involved for their help with this.

Common Vulnerability Scoring (Version 3) and vector
- ---------------------------------------------------

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

CVSS Base Score         7.5
CVSS Temporal Score     7.0 

1.05 / : 2339 $
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Version: GnuPG v1.4
Comment: This message is encrypted and/or signed with PGP (gnu-pg, gpg). Contact [email protected]
if you cannot read it.

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[ANNOUNCE] Apache HTTP Server 2.4.23 Released


          Apache HTTP Server 2.4.23 Released

The Apache Software Foundation and the Apache HTTP Server Project
are pleased to announce the release of version 2.4.23 of the Apache
HTTP Server ("Apache").  This version of Apache is our latest GA
release of the new generation 2.4.x branch of Apache HTTPD and
represents fifteen years of innovation by the project, and is
recommended over all previous releases. This release of Apache is
principally a feature and bug fix release.

NOTE: Versions 2.4.22 and 2.4.21 were not released.

We consider this release to be the best version of Apache available, and
encourage users of all prior versions to upgrade.

Apache HTTP Server 2.4.23 is available for download from:

http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

Apache 2.4 offers numerous enhancements, improvements, and performance
boosts over the 2.2 codebase.  For an overview of new features
introduced since 2.4 please see:

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/new_features_2_4.html

Of particular note are 2 reverse proxy additions: Support of
HTTP/2 and dynamic health checks.

Please see the CHANGES_2.4 file, linked from the download page, for a
full list of changes. A condensed list, CHANGES_2.4.23 includes only
those changes introduced since the prior 2.4 release.  A summary of all 
of the security vulnerabilities addressed in this and earlier releases 
is available:

http://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html

This release requires the Apache Portable Runtime (APR) version 1.5.x
and APR-Util version 1.5.x. The APR libraries must be upgraded for all
features of httpd to operate correctly.

This release builds on and extends the Apache 2.2 API.  Modules written
for Apache 2.2 will need to be recompiled in order to run with Apache
2.4, and require minimal or no source code changes.

http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/VERSIONING

When upgrading or installing this version of Apache, please bear in mind
that if you intend to use Apache with one of the threaded MPMs (other
than the Prefork MPM), you must ensure that any modules you will be
using (and the libraries they depend on) are thread-safe.

Please note that Apache Web Server Project will only provide maintenance
releases of the 2.2.x flavor through June of 2017, and will provide some
security patches beyond this date through at least December of 2017.
Minimal maintenance patches of 2.2.x are expected throughout this period,
and users are strongly encouraged to promptly complete their transitions
to the the 2.4.x flavor of httpd to benefit from a much larger assortment
of minor security and bug fixes as well as new features.



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